Assignment 2 Language Related Task
Example 1:-Grammar
……everything has happened to us during the day
Meaning
In this sentence “has happened” refers to situations or events that have occurred over a stated period
CCQ’s
Are we talking about the past? Yes
Did it happen in one day? Yes
Is it a number of things that happened during that day? Yes
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Form
has + past participle of main verb
Everything has happened to us during the day
This structure is referred to as the present perfect.
Pronunciation
o O
…….everything has happened to(link) us during the day.
/hæz ?hæp?nt t? ?s/
There are two syllables in “happened” with the main stress on the first.
There is one syllable in “has”.
There is linking between “to” and “us”.
Anticipated Problems and Solutions
1. Problem:- Students may say “everything happened to us during the day” leaving out the auxiliary verb. This changes the tense to past simple.
Solution:- Highlight the fact that the auxiliary verb is important to get the tense of the sentence right. (present perfect). Use a timeline to highlight the difference between them.
2. Problem:- Students might put the main stress on “has” when they are speaking rather than “happened” which may suggest a degree of obstinate insistence.
O
e.g. has happened
Solution:- Elicit and mark the correct sentence stress on the board. Drill chorally and then individually.
3. Problem:- Students may pronounce -ed as /id/ instead of /t/
Solution:- Drill /t/ . Then /p?nt/. Then /?hæp?nt/. Drill chorally and individually.
4. Problem:- Students might say “everything that has happening to us …..”. Instead of past participle of the main verb they are using the present participle.
Solution:- Highlight the difference between the two using a timeline.
References:-
Hughes, J and Jones, C Practical Grammar
Online Dictionary Cambridge Learners Dictionary
Example 2:- Lexis
We can put off sleeping for a limited period
Meaning
To decide or arrange to do something at a later time.
CCQ’s:-
When we do something after do we do it now? No
When do we do it? Later
When we choose not to sleep do we stay awake? Yes
Can we choose not to sleep forever? No
Other Examples:- People who put off paying for their TV licence, students who put off doing their homework.
Extension:- People who put off saving for their retirement if they don’t start a pension , save any money or resign from their jobs.
Form
Put is a verb. Off is an adverb. Put off is a phrasal verb.
Put is the auxiliary verb to the main verb sleeping(-ing verb present participle)
The object of the sentence is sleeping.
Pronunciation
Put(link) off
/p?t ?f/
There is one syllable in each word.
The main stress in on the second word off.
o O
put off
Anticipated Problems and Solutions
1. Problem:- Students may confuse “put off” with “put to”
Solution :- Use CCQ’s to show what “put off” clearly means. Elicit examples of other contexts where people put off something in order to reinforce meaning .
2. Problem:- Students might put the main stress on the wrong word. For example “put” instead of “off”
Solution:- Elicit and mark the correct sentence stress on the board. Drill chorally and then individually.
3. Problem:- Students might use the phrase “put off” in the wrong context and say “I put off his advice” .
Solution:- Highlight the right context giving the example “I put off his advice until a later date” . Use CCq’s to reinforce meaning.
4. Problem:-Students might confuse “put off” as an intransitive phrasal verb when it is a transitive phrasal verb. For example students think that when the object is replaced by a pronoun it is in the same place e.g. “put off sleeping” and then with pronoun saying “put off it”.
Solution:- Tell students that transitive phrasal verbs are separable thus the object must be put between the verb and preposition when it is a pronoun. i.e. put it off. Elicit and record correct form on the board.
References:-
Hughes, J and Jones, C Practical Grammar
Online Dictionary Cambridge Learners Dictionary
Example 3:- Grammar
…..but sooner or later we have to sleep
Meaning
“have to” is defined as to need to do something or be forced to do something. With “have to” a speaker is not giving his own feelings. He is just giving facts.
Other examples :- People have to work in order to pay their mortgage and bills, people have to eat in order to live.
Extension:- I have to fly to Berlin tomorrow as I have already paid for my flight.
CCQ’s:-
Is sleep necessary? Yes
If you were unable to sleep would you eventually die? Yes
Can you go a week without sleep? No
Form
Affirmative form. Pronoun (we) + verb(have to) + verb in the infinitive
Pronunciation
o 0 o o
…but sooner (link) or later we have to(link) sleep
/hæv t? sli?p/
There is 1 syllable in have and also in sleep.
The main stress is on have.
Anticipated Problems and Solutions
1. Problem:- Students say “we have sleep” leaving out the preposition “to”
Solution:- Use example and CCQ’s to clarify the importance of the meaning of “have to”. Highlight the need for the preposition after the main verb.
2. Problem:-Students say “we to have to sleep” using the full infinitive instead of the bare infinitive.
Solution:- Elicit the correct form of the verb. Cross out the “to” on the board and write the bare infinitive above the correction.
3. Problem:-Students may stress “sleep” when they are speaking rather than “have”.
0
e.g. “we have to sleep”
Solution:- Elicit and mark the correct sentence stress on the board. Model and drill chorally and individually.
References:-
Hughes, J and Jones, C Practical Grammar
Online Dictionary Cambridge Learners Dictionary
Example 4:- Lexis
…….eventually……
Meaning
We use the adverb “eventually” to mean “in the end” especially when something has involved a long time, or a lot of effort or problems.
CCQ’s
Could it not happen? No
Does it happen in the future? Yes
Does it take a lot of effort? Yes
Does it happen in a short or a long time? Long time
Form
Eventually is an adverb, it derived from the adjective eventual which connotes “ultimately resulting”, which in turn comes from the word event. It is formed by the adjective eventual + suffix “ly”
Pronunciation
0
….eventually….
/??vent?u?li/
There are five syllables with the main stress on “…ven..”
Anticipated Problems and Solutions.
1. Problem:- Students might say “eventually” with 6 syllables rather than 5.
Solution:- Repeat correct pronunciation and indicate it on the board to show student how many syllables there are . Drill chorally and individually.
2. Problem:- Student might confuse “eventually”(adverb of time) with adverbs of frequency i.e. frequently, daily
Solution:- Use examples to highlight difference , elicit meaning and use concept questions.
References:-
Hughes, J and Jones, C Practical Grammar
Online Dictionary Cambridge Learners Dictionary
