Contraindications
Due to the theoretical risk of thyroid tumors, Semaglutide should not be taken by patients who have a rare endocrine disorder known as multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN-2), or by patients who have a personal or family history of a type of thyroid cancer known as medullary thyroid carcinoma. Other people who should not take Semaglutide include children the FDA currently requires clinical trials to assess safety and effectiveness in children, pregnant or lactating women and anyone who has ever had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to liraglutide or to any of the components of the Semaglutide product (Monami, et al, 2017).
Other Concerns About the Use of Semaglutide
Semaglutide is classified as category C risk in pregnancy. There are no adequate data on the use of this drug in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity with high doses of sitagliptin and harmful effects on pregnancy, embryonal/fetal development, parturition or postnatal development. Semaglutide should not be used during pregnancy and it is recommended that the patient wait a period of 2 months before stopping the medication with Semaglutide. It is in the evaluation if Semaglutide passes into breast milk. Patient with a renal and hepatic impairment may not require dosage adjustment. Limit alcohol while using this medication because it can increase your risk of developing low blood sugar. Safety and efficacy of Semaglutide have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 18 years (Hemmingsen, et al,2016).
Adverse Reactions
The studies described that patients who were under treatment with Semaglutide had symptoms of an allergic reaction such as hives, itching; difficulty breathing; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Those who showed signs of a tumor in the thyroid referred: inflammation or a lump in his neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarse voice, feeling that he needs air when breathing. The symptoms of pancreatitis reported by the patients in the study were severe pain in the upper part of the stomach that extended to the back, nausea with or without vomiting, rapid heartbeat; Those with included kidney problems described: urinating little or nothing; pain or difficulty urinating; swelling in your feet or ankles; feeling tired or short of breath (Sorli, Shin-ichi, & Tsoukas, 2016).
Common side effects may include:
Nausea (especially at the beginning of treatment with semaglutide), vomiting, stomach pain; diarrhea; or constipation.
Clinical Studies
Cardiovascular Trial of Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pharmacokinetics
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Patient education about safe use of Semaglutide
Summary
Despite advances in options for the treatment of diabetes, optimal glycemic control is often not achieved. Hypoglycemia and weight gain associated with many antidiabetic medications may interfere with the application and long-term application of therapies. Current treatments have focused on increasing the availability of insulin (either through the direct administration of insulin or through agents that promote insulin secretion), improve insulin sensitivity, delay the supply and absorption of carbohydrates. of the gastrointestinal tract or increase urinary glucose excretion. Therapies based on the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), for example, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors DPP-4, these drugs affect the control of glucose through several mechanisms, including increased insulin-dependent glucose secretion, slowed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial glucagon and food intake. These agents generally do not cause hypoglycemia in the absence of therapies that otherwise cause these low blood sugar symptoms. Among non-insulin injectable antidiabetics, GLP-1 analogs cause improved glycemic control, and other aspects, such as weight reduction. Anyway, we are the health workers, but more the nurses have a great task in the education of our patients with Diabetes. Since the success of the treatment is not only the responsibility of the medication but the change in lifestyle, including cardiovascular exercises of approximately 150 minutes a week, accompanied by a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in fiber. In our hands is this task and the big industries will continue studying the effect of these medications on the total control of diabetes.
